Disk harrow



' (No Model.) I 8Sheets-Sheet 1.-

W. H. NAUMAN.

DISK HARROW. No.413,539. Patented Oct. 22, 1889.

Inventor.

(-No Model!) a Sheets-Sheet 2.

H. NAUMAN.

DISK HARROW.

Nb. 413.539. Patented 00p. 22,1889.

N. PETERS, Plwb-Lilhognphcr, Wnhinglom IJJZ"- a snets 8' (N0 ModeL W}NAUMAN.

DISK HARE-0W. Patented Oct. 22, 1889.

EE in 1 UNITED STATES PATENT O EIcE.

WILLIAM H. NAUMAN, OF DAYTON, OHIO.

DISK HARROW.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 413,539, dated October22, 1889.

Application filed December 26, 1888. Serial No. 294,574. (No model.) 7

T0 aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, WILLIAM H. NAUMAN, a citizen of the United States,residing at Dayton, in the county of Montgomery and State of Ohio, haveinvented a certain new and useful'lmprovement in Disk Harrows, of whichthe following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference beinghad to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification.

My invention relates to that class of disk harrows or pulverizers whichconsist, essentially, of a pair of disk-gangs secured to independentshafts journaled in frames having swivel connections to the main orcross beam of the implement; and the first part of my improvementcomprises a novel'oombination of devices that enables the simpleshifting of a hand-lever to simultaneously adjust and lock said gangs inany desired position-that is to say, at right angles to the line ofdraft or at a suitable incline thereto which adjustment may be effectedeither while the pulverizer is standing still or when the team is inmotion, as hereinafter more fully described.

,The second part of my improvement comprises a pair ofindependently-revolvin g antifriction heads located at the inner ends ofthe disk-gan gs, so as to receive the end-thrust of the latter. lheseheads reduce the friction and permit a sufficient horizontal andvertical play of the disk-gangs, while at the same time they effectuallyprevent either of said gangs being thrown up out of the ground, as isfrequently the case when disk harrows having fixed heads are operated inrough or uneven ground, as hereinafter more fully described.

The third part of my improvement coniprises a novel combination ofdevices for fitting these heads to the disk-gangs, and so coupling saidheads together as to limit the vertical play of said gangs, ashereinafter more fully described.

The fourth part of my improvement comprises a novel combination ofdevices for bringing a set of scrapers in contact with the face of thedisks or for rendering said scrapers inoperative when occasion requires,as hereinafter more fully described.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a plan of animplementembodying myimprovements, the front portion of the tongue being brokenaway, the scrapers being omitted, and the disk-gangs being locked atright angles to said tongue. Fig. 2 is a plan of a portion of theimplement, the disk-gangs being set obliquely to the line of draft. Fig.3 is a rear elevation of the implement. Fig. 4 is avertical section ofthe same, taken in the plane of one of the swivel-connections of theframes Fig. 5 is a rear elevation of the central portion of a diskharrow with scrapers applied thereto, the accessories of theanttfriction heads being sectioned. Fig. 6 is an enlarged sectionalelevation of one of the scraper attachments. Fig. 7 is an enlargedelevation of one of the antifriction heads and the socket to which it isto be applied. Fig. 8 is an enlarged axial section of the abuttingmembers of the diskgangs, the anti-friction heads of the same beingcoupled together. Fig. 9 is a modification of the gearing for adjustingthe angles of the disk-gangs.

Like lettersof reference indicateidentioal .parts in all the figures.

C, which connections are of the ordinary kind,

as represented in Fig. 4. These swivels couple to said beam a pair offrames D D, each frame being provided with hangers d d d d,

within which are journaled in the usual man- V ner a gang ofconoavo-convex disks or pulverizers F F. These disks are fixed on squareshafts E E, between spools or sleeves f f, in the usual manner. Thedisks and spools, being provided with square openings through the centerto fit the shaft, are slipped onto the shaft alternately, each diskbeing em: braced by two spools, or, as in the end disks, a spool and anut or head.

e e are heads on the ends of these shaftsE E, and e e are nuts. Byscrewing up the nuts 6' e the disks are tightly clamped and held rigidlyin place. -Pivoted to the tongue at b is a hand-lever G, provided with asuitable locking device H, adaptedto engage with a segment-rack h, theupper end of said lever being convenient to the driver, while its lowerend has a rod 9 attached thereto. This rod runs back at an angle, and isthen connected to the outer hanger d of frame D. Pivoted to the tongueat b is a counter-lever I, having one end of a rod 1' attached to it,the opposite or rear end of said rod being connected to the innerhangerd of frame D.

J is a link that communicates motion from the hand-lever G to thecounter-lever I.

These devices are exactly duplicated on the.

opposite sides of the tongue, as seen at g,I, i, and J, the rods 9 andbeing coupled, respectively, to the outer and inner hangers d d of frameD, as seen in Figs. 1 and 3. Frames D D are provided with transversetracks d d for rollers K K to bear against when said frames are cantedas far as may be desirable, said rollers being secured to the undersideof beam A. When it is desired to maintain the disk-gangs at right anglesto the line of draft, as seen in Fig. 1, the lever G is swung forward,as rep resented in Fig. 4, and locked in this position by engaging thedetent H with the proper tooth of rack 7b. This swinging of thehand-lever causes a simultaneous but opposite swinging of thecounter-lever I, and, as

the rods g?) are attached to said lever and to the opposite ends offrame D, said frame turns on its pivot O and stands at a right angle tothe tongue B, the other frame D being similarly adjusted at the sametime and locked in position. To simultaneously set both gangs at anyangle to the line of draft, the lever G is pulled back until the desiredoblique position is reached, as seen in Fig. 2, and then said lever isagain locked to the segment-rack. From this description it is evidentthat by properly shifting and locking the lever the gangs can bemaintained in any position or angle, and it is also apparent that thisshifting of the gangs can be effected as readily when the implement isin motion as when it is at rest.

I have shown my shifting arrangement applied to two gangs. Of course,the number is not important. The frames D D being pivoted at about theircenter, and the lever G acting upon each end of the frames at the sametime in opposite directions, the resistance is largely balanced, so thatvery little power is required to adjust the angles of the disk-gangs atany time.

In Fig. 9 is shown a modification of the levers G and I, in whichsegment-gears a z are used to communicate motion from lever G to thecounter-lever I, instead of the link J. (Shown in Fig. 4.)

Another obvious modification of the attachment of the opposite ends ofthe disk-gangs to the operating-lever G is that the counter lever I andthe link J as separate parts may be omitted and the rodiattached to theupper part of the lever G above the fulcrum b. In this modification thelever G becomes also the counter-lever, and the single operation of thelever G will shift one end of the disk-gang forward and the other endback. The inner disks of each gan gare preferably fitted to bushings LL, as seen in Fig. 5, which bushings are traversed by longitudinal boresZ Z to receive the cylindrical necks m m of the-independentlyrevolvinganti-friction heads M M, whose meeting surfaces are crowning or convexand are at all times in contact with each other. The tendency of the twodisk-gan gs is always to press against one another, and thus keep theanti-friction heads M M always in the bushings, as shown. ever, to havethem permanently fixed in place. This may be done in a variety of ways.In Figs. 7 and 8 I have shown a modification for this purpose. The necksm m of the antifriction heads M M are furnished with outwardly-projecting lugs N N, adapted to traverse longitudinal grooves 0 0 of thebushings until they enter the chambers O O of said bushings. The lugsrevolve freely in these chambers, but are prevented from movinglongitudinally or coming out by the walls between the grooves 0 0. Ofcourse, the lugs can be brought exactly opposite the grooves and removedas they were putin; but in practice this is next to impossible and neveroccurs. However, they may be made more secure by making the bushing intwo pieces divided longitudinally and provided with an interior annulargroove or chamber to receive the lugs N N or an annular rib, collar, orelevation. The stems of the anti friction heads M M being fitted betweenthe two halves of the bushing, and the disks F F fitted over them andput in place, as shown in Fig. 8, the parts are all firmly heldtogether. The lugs N N or annular collar or elevation revolve freely inthe chambers O 0, but cannot come out except by again taking the machineapart. With the longitudinal grooves 0 0, the anti-friction heads M Mmay be removed at any time by hand but never com out by accident. I

If it is desired to attach the two gangs of disks together so that theycannot pull apart, they may be joined by a tie-rod P, as shown in Fig.8. The anti-friction heads are then provided with flaring months 13 p topermit sufficient vertical or lateral play of a rod or other tie P, theopposite ends of the latterbeing fastened to hemispherical plugs R Rseated in concave sockets r r at the inner end of the necks m m. Theheads of the square shafts E E are fitted either within the bores I Z ofthe bushings or in the chambers O O of the same.

It is obvious other modes of attaching the anti-friction heads to theabutting ends of the disk-gangs may be used, so as to permit them torevolve in either direction independently of the gangs, and therebyobviate the It may be desired, hown asse constant rubbing and grindingin consequence of the continually-varying speed of the 0pposing gangs onrough or uneven ground or in turningcorners, as is the case in diskharrows having the opposing heads rigidly attached to the gang-axles. Myanti-friction heads entirely overcome this difficulty, as either of theheads upon the slightest variation of the speed of the gangs willrevolve independently in either direction, as occasion demands; but bymaking these heads M M separate from the disk-gan gs and allowing saidheads to revolve independently thesedifficulties are obviated and theimplement runs with the least possible friction. When the tie P isemployed, sufficient vertical or lateral play of the gangs is permittedwithout at the same time allowing said gangs to shift so far as to causeone head to ride up and get on top of the other head. 1

S are scrapers having shanks s that turn freely within vertical openingsof rock-shafts T, the latter being journaled in hangers U, dependingfrom the frames D D, and having stops t t for the rod 3 to strikeagainst. By this arrangement said stops limit the turning of thescrapers in either direction. Each rock-shaft has a lever V, the freeend of which engages with a notch or head to of alongitudinally-shiftable bar W, which bar is suitably applied to theframes .D D that is to say, one bar for each of said frames. These barsare operated by levers X X, convenient to the driver, who occupies theseat Y. The scrapers, which need not be used constantly, are broughtinto service by shifting the lever X to the position seen in Fig. 5,which position causes said scrapers S to fit snugly against the concavesurface of the disks, to which surface they are held. If desirable, thelever V of the rock-shafts T and the longitudinally-shiftalole bar W maybe omitted, and the rock-shafts T attached to the frame D and Ddirectly, so as to scrape the disks constantly. The flexible connectionafforded by the shanks 5, being loosely coupled to the rock-shafts T,enables the scrapers to auto matically adjust themselves to any j oltingof the implement or springing of the disks. When the scrapers are nolongerneeded, they are brought to an inoperative position by properlyshifting the lever, as seen at X.

Having thus fully described my invention,

what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A disk harrow provided with two or 2. A disk harrow provided with twoor more gangs of disks swiveled to a main frame or beam, having theiropposite ends attached to a lock-lever in the manner described, wherebyby a single motion of the lever one end of each gang will be forced backand the other forward and locked at any desired angle to the line ofdraft, in the manner and for the purpose described.

3. In a disk harrow provided with. several gangs of disks orpulverizers, a lock-lever attached to the tongue and arranged to operatethe disk-gangs by rods attached to their opposite ends to throw and lockthem at any desired angle to the line of draft, in the manner and forthe purpose described.

4. In a disk harrow having several gangs of disks arranged as described,the combination of the main lever G, attached to one end of each gang,the counter-lever I, attached to the other end of each gang, andconnecting link J, in the manner and for the purpose specified. l

5. A disk harrow of the class specified provided with a pair ofanti-friction heads revolvin g independently of the gangs, applied tothe abutting endsof the disk-gangs, substantially as and for the purposedescribed.

6. A disk harrow ofthe class specified provided with a pair ofanti-friction heads revolving independently of the gangs, applied to theabutting ends of the disk-gangs; said heads being united by a tie,substantially as and for the purpose described.

7. In a disk harrow having one or more pairs of disk-gangs with abuttingends, the revolving anti-friction heads M M, provided withlaterally-extending lugs fitting int-o bushings L L, with thelongitudinal slots 00, and chambers O O, substantially as described.

'8. In a disk harrow having one or more pairs of disk-gangs whose endsabut, revolving anti-friction heads whose inner ends ,or

stems are provided with laterally-extending annular ribs revolving ininterior annular chambers or grooves within the bushing, substantiallyas and for the purpose described.

9. In a disk harrow,disk-scrapers swiveled in rock-shafts suspended fromthe frame, whereby they may be adjusted to the concave faces of thedisks, substantially as and for the purpose described.

10. In a disk harrow, disk-scrapers swiveled in rock-shafts T, incombination with the levers V, and sliding bar W, whereby said scrapersmay be thrown into or out of contact with the disks, substantially asand for the purpose described.

WILLIAM H. NAUMAN.

Witnesses: I

WILLIAM H. MERRIAM, CHAS. I-IEINZ.

